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The heat absorption rate per unit of ground surface area occupied by the GHX is shown to be 18 times greater than a single-pipe horizontal heat-exchanger.
Forest disturbance, measured as the proportion of sprouted oaks, has an expected negative effect on the epiphyte biomass and alpha diversity per ground surface area, but also on the epiphytes on the remaining and re-grown trees.
Leaf area index (LAI) is a dimensionless quantity variable of the forest canopy defined as the one-sided leaf surface area per ground surface area.
Moreover, the water is being pumped from different number of wells (55) covering ground surface area of about 750 km2 (Ellington et al. 2015).
Thereby, LAI is typically defined as one half the total leaf area per unit of horizontal ground surface area (Chen and Black 1992; Weiss et al. 2004; Gonsamo and Pellikka 2008), whereas fAPAR refers to the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR: 400 700 nm) that is absorbed by vegetation canopy.
All fluxes in this manuscript are expressed as molecular mass per unit time and ground surface area.
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In high-density cities like Hong Kong, buildings' surface area is much greater than the roof and ground surface areas combined, offering a huge vertical surface platform for greening.
The arcing frequency strongly depends on the plasma potential, the grounded surface area of sheath, and the pressure.
At times of water stress, plants can decrease their above-ground surface area and eventually biomass, thereby reducing water loss, or increase their rooting depth, thereby increasing water uptake.
Once ground, the surface area is larger and the coffee begins to oxidize and lose its flavor profile more quickly". So, try not to grind too far ahead of your brewing time.
As soon as coffee is ground, its surface area is vastly increased and it begins deteriorating very quickly.
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