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Beneath the fibrillar layer of the basilar membrane is the acellular ground substance of the membrane.
The effect of ground substance is small but significant for model-to-data fit.
Protoplasm had been defined in 1835 as the ground substance of living material and hence responsible for all living processes.
Cartilaginous tissue formation was confirmed by the presence of lacunae and cartilage-isolated cells embedded within basophilic ground substance.
The objective is to assess the interaction between ground substance softening and collagen fiber damage using this model.
Dense fibrous connective tissue is composed of closely packed bundles of collagen and their associated fibroblasts, but there are relatively few elastic fibres and little ground substance.
Later changes include the appearance of localized densities, possibly related to calcium deposition, in the matrix (ground substance) of the mitochondria.
Fibroblasts produce tropocollagen, which is the forerunner of collagen, and ground substance, an amorphous gel-like matrix that fills the spaces between cells and fibres in connective tissue.
The term was first defined in 1835 as the ground substance of living material and, hence, responsible for all living processes.
All forms of connective tissue are composed of (1) extracellular fibres, (2) an amorphous matrix called ground substance, and (3) stationary and migrating cells.
Proteoglycan (PG) loss and surface roughening, early signs of osteoarthritis (OA), are likely preceded by softening of the ground substance and the collagen network.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com