Mean bone-implant contact (% BIC) was measured in undemineralised ground sections for the best three consecutive threads.
Epithelial downgrowth was not depicted in any ground section.
Twenty-six weeks postoperatively, a re-entry procedure was performed to evaluate the bone width for adequate implant placement and two histological specimens were retrieved from each patient, one being processed for ground sectioning and the other for decalcified paraffin-included sections.
One biopsy per patient was processed for ground sectioning according to the method described by Donath and Breuner (1982).
Ground sections were evaluated qualitatively for their osseointegration, new bone formation and bone resorption.
While the ground sections were well suited for the assessment of new bone formation, material resorption, and histomorphometrical measurements, thin sections enabled distinctions to be made between cellular reactions such as osteoblast activation, inflammatory responses or degradation and elimination of biomaterials through macrophages.
That question also leads him to the most scientifically grounded sections of the book, discussing for example the chemical and neurological bases of emotions: "Oxytocin drives bonding," he reminds readers, "and it makes elephants and many other species act social or sexual.
Next, the samples were processed for undecalcified ground sections in accordance with the method described by Donath [ 39] and stained using the Lévai-Laczkó method [ 40].
The second cylinder was initially used to assess the 3D architecture of the cartilage and subchondral bone by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and latter processed for undecalcified ground sections in conformity with the method described by Donath [ 23].
The second trephine-cylinder was firstly used to evaluate the architecture of the cartilage and subchondral bone by micro-CT and later it was processed for undecalcified ground sections according to the method described by Donath (1985) [ 20], and stained using the Lévai-Laczkó method [ 21].
