Sentence examples for ground reflections from inspiring English sources

These models make use of multipath returns due to ocean or ground reflections that are local to the target [4].

The SNR data value strongly depends on the elevation angle, and the SNR value may oscillate at low elevation angles (<25°) because of ground reflections of the GPS signal (Larson 2013) with sidereal shifting.

Test cases are presented here to demonstrate the importance of hydrodynamic interactions responsible for the double peak in the sound spectrum in the case of clustered rocket nozzles, and the role of ground reflections in the case of noninterfering jets.

The observed value for the path loss exponent can be reasonably set to α = 2 in short-range environments[19] where ground reflections can be neglected; this is the case for d < dF, with dF = 2htxhrx/λ denoting the Fresnel distance for antenna heights from the ground htx and hrx, at transmitter and receiver, respectively.

Analysis by Smith [29] showed interference patterns caused by ground reflections, and the frequencies shown in the Fig. 6 using the following expressions: Open image in new window, and ∆l the path length difference between the direct and the reflected sound wave; c is the sound speed, fcons and f des are respectively the frequency at which a constructive and destructive interference occurs.

Additionally, the sets demonstrated a serious problem with ground reflections.

On this reflected component, a strong fading effect is visible, but as described earlier, this can be caused by the reflected ray and its ground reflection, which cannot be resolved with the measurement bandwidth.

We model the wireless channel propagation using the two-ray ground reflection model [31]; it considers the direct path as well as the ground-reflected path between the source and destination.

Some terrestrial radio links can operate by a combination of atmospheric wave propagation, surface wave propagation, ground reflection, and ionospheric reflection.

The two-ray ground reflection model is used for propagation.

The default two-ray ground reflection channel model is used.