The exclusion of potential participants on the grounds of learning disability was made on the advice of the project advisory group who thought that it presented too many confounding variables.
Stenfors-Hayes, Hult and Dahlgren [ 17] introduce the research approach for particular use in medical education; Fyrenius, Silén and Wirell [ 18] make use of it to understand students' meaning-making in a PBL context; and Marton and Booth [ 19] develop a theory of learning grounded in empirical research results.
Thus we used a qualitative case study design grounded in the theoretical framework of learning theory [ 35].
Grounded in the constructivist theory of learning (see Johnson and Johnson, 1989), this pedagogical approach posits that knowledge is fostered and organized through social interactions, such as those emphasized in cooperative group learning.
The academy is set in a long, low ridge of hills close to Kabul, with plenty of open ground to learn tactics.
The study was based on a theoretical understanding of learning and participation grounded in socio/cultural theories on the importance of context and the social nature of learning.
Existing empirical and theoretical work provides a strong foundation for defining active-learning instruction, including work grounded in cognitive and sociocultural1 perspectives of learning.
The findings contribute knowledge to how the variation theory can be put into classroom practice and how a 'pedagogy of awareness' grounded on a classroom-based theory of learning can be implemented.
Meditation is a slow and steady process of learning to be grounded in the reality of the present moment and discovering who you really are.
Discipline-based education researchers have responded to calls (President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology [PCAST], 2010, 2012) for instructional reforms at the postsecondary level by developing and testing new instructional pedagogies grounded in research on the science of learning (Handelsman et al., 2004; National Research Council [NRC], 2011, 2012).
