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Under most conditions, tunneling causes a transfer of the ground load by arching to sides of the opening, termed the ground-arch effect (Figure 1, top).
Standing about 76cm tall, 91cm long and weighing 109kg, BigDog is an autonomous system powered by an engine and controlled by on-board computer system processing a series of sensors that monitor joint position, joint force, ground contact, ground load, a gyroscope, LIDAR and a stereo vision system.
As the ground load increases, the maximum stress increases, and the high stress area extends.
The von Mises stress, plastic strain, plastic area size, settlement and ovality of the buried pipeline increase as the ground load and loading area increase.
In this paper, a semi-analytical elastic plane strain solution was provided for stress field around a lined non-circular tunnel subjected to uniform ground load.
For the simulated most likely weak plume eruption scenario, Fig. 8 shows a comparison between the outcomes of the two models in terms of exceedance probabilities with reference to a ground load of 1 kg/m2.
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At the station, Rooz found wounded officers lying on the ground, loaded them into his car and took off for the provincial hospital.
Alternatively, it is possible to place concrete-lined service and cable trenches in this material, sometimes conveniently by the use of precast sections, because the ground loads imposed are seldom sufficient to give rise to serious settlement problems.
Unsurprisingly, short boreholes and unbalanced yearly ground loads lead to stronger axial effects.
But in actual case combined action of vertical and horizontal ground loads can occur in many situations for a pile.
So the combined action of vertical and horizontal ground loads can occur in many situations for a pile.
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