Based on the relationship between the concentrations of 214Pb and 214Bi in the rainwater and the rainfall rate for an individual rainfall event, the increase in the environmental gamma-ray dose rate from 214Pb and 214Bi deposited on the ground was calculated, and the calculated increase agreed well with that observed by the in situ measurement on flat ground.
Analytical results curves are fitted to experimental one and thermal conductivities of ground are calculated for each region.
Furthermore, the echo area of the airborne pulse radar and the echo's Doppler distribution on the ground are calculated in Section 4.
Transmission curves through various distances of standard atmosphere (7°C temperature, 85% relative humidity, 3 m above ground) were calculated using MODTRAN [ 21], see Fig. 8(b).
To extrapolate pilot-plant results to larger scale, A ground was calculated including the empty spaces between the photoactive tubes and half the distance between the photoactive loops and the dummy loops from both sides [ 8].
Since the ground movement is calculated only with the above entering data, the calculation results of each panel would be uncertain once the input data are uncertain.
A seismic intensity on the ground surface is calculated by applying Eq. (B.1), which is obtained from the relationship between seismic intensity and peak ground velocity (Fujimoto and Midorikawa, 2005) and the relationship between the average S-wave velocity of the ground and the amplification factor for soil with an S-wave velocity of 600 m/s (Fujimoto and Midorikawa, 2006): (B.1).
Wave energy flow in shallow ground depth is calculated based on main shock records obtained at 30 vertical array sites throughout Japan during nine recent strong earthquakes (MJ=6.4 8.0) by assuming vertical propagation of SH waves.
The ice discharge flux across grounding lines is calculated using the rigorous flux gate method44 in combination with ice velocity values, a compilation of CS2 ice thicknesses, Bedmap-2 ice thicknesses, and IPR track measurements from the IceBridge project.
