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In order to obtain a thermal conductivity profile of the ground as a function of depth, two additional inputs are needed; first, a measurement of the borehole temperature profile and, second, an analysis procedure taking into account ground is not homogeneous.
The potential crown for tree i is a function Ri(Z), which describes the crown projection radius of a tree's crown at height Z above the ground, as a function of the species and size of the tree.
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Growth is partitioned above- and below-ground as a function of soil fertility and to a lesser extent, soil water deficit (Landsberg and Waring [1997]).
For those situations where the magnitude of the effect may be determined on probabilistic grounds as a function of dose ("stochastic" model), no particular dose-response relationship-may necessarily be inferred; the appropriate model still depends on the biological processes under consideration.
The Cecchi seismograph also used pendulums, but it was the first to record the relative motion of the pendulums with respect to Earth's ground motions as a function of time.
The effects of figure and ground cut as a function of hue difference between the figure and ground colors can be found in the Supplementary Material (Fig. S 1).
Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) strongly relies on ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) that quantify the amplitude of ground motion as a function of distance, magnitude and site-condition proxies (SCPs).
Open image in new window Figure 3 Ground speed as a function of fuel economy for a 2003 Chevy Suburban.
Figure 1 shows the hourly 90th percentile of the S4 index measured by the BKK (a), BNG (b), and CAL (c) GPS ground stations as a function of local time (LT) throughout the month of July 2014.
However, at stand ages above 20 years little decline from 15% was observed (Figure 5). Figure 5 Partial response functions showing variation in percentage ground returns as a function of (a) stand age, (b) non-crop stand density, (c) crop stand density and (d) slope.
Mathematically, I α is the integral of the square of acceleration over time, expressed as: I α = π π 2 g ∫ [ α ( t ) ] 2 g ∫ [ α ( t ) ] 2 d t (3)where α(t) is the ground acceleration as a function of time and usually is recorded by strong motion seismographs during earthquake events.
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