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The gross inflow has grown as well, but it has increased by more than the gross outflow, and as a result, the net inflow of immigrants has risen dramatically since the mid-1990s.
As measured by the gross inflow of migrants, currently the UK is the third most popular destination for immigrants worldwide, behind only the US and Germany (OECD [2011] 3.
It accounts for the fact that, for example, a change of the net wage in a destination country does not only affect the gross inflow of migrants, but at the same time has an effect on the remigration from the diaspora.
Total construction (private and public contracts) displays an upward trend both in the stock of contracts and new orders — new orders are the gross inflow of new contracts that are accepted by firms in a given month — up to about 2007.
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According to Deutsche Bank, gross inflows of FDI fell from $850m in 2002 to about $300m in 2003, while gross outflows rose from $265m to $800m, leaving a net outflow of $500m.
The IMF reckons that gross inflows have risen to 6% of emerging-world GDP in about a quarter of the time taken for a similar spike before the crisis.
And foreign banks are not the only suppliers of cross-border capital: the importance of foreign direct investment and portfolio flows as a proportion of gross inflows has steadily risen over the past three decades.But banks matter.
In this case net capital inflows are low but gross flows (inflows plus outflows) are very large.
In this paper we assess how the estimates of net and gross groundwater inflows are affected by the choice of tracer at three contrasting field sites.
As the data on the stock of migrants on the regional level is not available for all years since 1990, I construct this variable using the official statistics data on the gross annual inflows of immigrants to the country.
Its banking system — which had grown to eight times its gross domestic product on inflows of Russian money and aggressive expansion in Greece — was technically bust.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com