This report describes investigations of grain boundary groove effects on mode II dominated interface fracture.
The collimator angle varied between 0° and 90° according to the shape of the target while minimizing the leakage, tongue, and groove effects.
To minimize the leakage, tongue, and groove effects, the collimator angle varied between 0° and 90° according to the shape of the target.
Face treatments, such as inserts and grooves, effect the coefficient of restitution and friction coefficient at the contact point and thus provide additional design parameters to control the launch conditions of a putt.
In addition, by formation of larger grains usually the valleys between the grains become wider and deeper (i.e., grooving effect [24, 25]), hence surface roughness increases.
As the temperature increases, larger grains are formed (enhanced diffusion effect) with deeper valleys between them that in extreme case, these valleys may extend to the substrate surface and one may observe the grooving effect [18, 19].
Some degree of collimator rotation is usually performed in VMAT to minimize the cumulative effects of the tongue-and-groove effect and interleaf transmis-sion [13].
Interfaces of Al2O3 (sapphire) and LaPO4 (La-monazite) have been separated by fracture to reveal boundary grooving effects analogous to surface grooves that develop at high temperature on a polycrystalline body wherever a grain boundary intersects the surface.
Moreover, the groove depth effects for the strength or intensity of the swirling flow.
To enhance gain contrast in the quantum wells without the introduction of effective index-coupled effect, groove length and depth were well designed.
