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Because heat generated by each grinding step was accumulated, a slight increase in the surface temperature was observed.
It is certain that such intermittent grinding step is limited to the laboratory and cannot be seen as an industrial operation.
This paper presents with a new grinding strategy for a surface superfinishing and a grind-strengthening of the surface layer of steels in a single grinding step.
Currently used methods inevitably require a laborious mechanical grinding step, necessary to disrupt the cell wall for the release of DNA.
Three g of starting material was used per sample and the first extractions up to the grinding step with white quartz were done in 50 mL Oakridge tubes.
DNA from 1,000 X. americanum was prepared using Qiagen DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (Valencia, CA) following an initial grinding step using a motorized micropestle for 2 min to disrupt the cuticles.
Similar(51)
Such materials are difficult to make without multiple heating and grinding steps.
This is probably attributable to the larger number of grinding steps when grinding with finer (280# and 400#) grit size abrasives, which introduces more accumulated heat on the surface, thus the increased thermal effect plus the decreased mechanical effect led to higher tensile residual stresses in the surface.
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Despite careful precautions, sample preparation and analysis resulted in a relative uncertainty of ±40% (p = 0.95), which was attributed to the sub-sampling following the two grinding steps.
The nugget effect may result in the variation in toxin content in the test sample and for that reason the recommended procedure for OTA analysis includes two grinding steps.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com