After 14 days, cell-seeded collagen hydrogels and pellets were disrupted with Molecular Grinding Resin in TRIzol (Geno Technology Inc., St . Louis MO, USA), and RNA was extracted according to the manufacturer's recommendations.
Total RNA was extracted with Tri Reagent (Sigma) from passage 2 cells in monolayer and from cell aggregates at 14 days that had been ground with Molecular Grinding Resin (Geno Technology Inc., St Louis, MO, USA).
Total RNA was extracted with Tri Reagent (Sigma-Aldrich) from passage 2 cells in monolayer and from cell aggregates at 14 days which had been ground with Molecular Grinding Resin (Geno Technology Inc., St . Louis MO, USA).
Total RNA was extracted from pellets by using Tri-Reagent (Sigma-Aldrich) after grinding with Molecular Grinding Resin (Geno Technology Inc., St . Louis MO, USA) in combination with the use of an Aurum Total RNA Fatty and Fibrous Tissue Kit (Bio-Rad, Mississauga, ON, Canada) and after removal of contaminating genomic DNA from the pellets by DNase treatment.
Total RNA was extracted from pellets using Trizol (Invitrogen) after grinding with Molecular Grinding Resin (Geno Technology Inc. St Louis, USA) in combination with the use of RNeasy mini kit (Qiagen, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada) and after removal of contaminating genomic DNA from the pellets by DNase treatment.
Cell aggregate cultures were ground up in Tri-Reagent using Molecular Grinding Resin (Geno Technology Inc, St Louis, MO, USA).
Whole muscle extracts were prepared from individual samples by grinding the quadriceps with an abrasive resin (PlusOne Sample Grinding Kit, Amersham Biosciences) in urea/CHAPS buffer (8M urea, 4% CHAPS) following the manufacturer's recommendations.
Briefly, the samples were homogenized in the sample grinding tube with abrasive resin by using the provided plastic pestles.
In preparing fossil plant material for anatomical studies, it is common practice to embed anatomically preserved fossils in a clear resin and then grind and polish the specimens for viewing with reflected light microscopy (Jones and Rowe, 1999).
The bases of the resin blocks were subsequently ground until the total thickness of the block was ~3.15 mm.
Therefore polished sections were prepared by embedding the granules in EpoFIX (Struers) resin blocks, which were ground on a coarse diamond wheel to expose the centre of the granule.
