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A mathematical model often adopted in this option uses an algorithm for finding least-cost paths over a cost surface represented in raster format, i.e., as a grid of weighted cells.
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To estimate the effective geographic distance, a one-meter resolution digital elevation model (DEM) for New Guinea was used to create a "friction grid" composed of weighted cells that impose a cost of moving through that cell based on the average elevation for the cell, and above 2300 m a route was not allowed to be calculated.
After the data is rotated, the computation of the mixed model based GWAS can be carried out by means of a grid of inexpensive Weighted Least Squares problems.
For this representation, movement towards one corner of the grid was weighted more heavily than other directions, and not as a function of VEGF.
And the two numbers in the same grid represent weighted and unweighted Unifrac distance respectively Fig. 6 NMDS, PCA and PCoA of the bacterial population structures.
Remark 3. Within our framework, a crude non-Bayesian single frame maximum likelihood target detector could be built by simply evaluating the likelihood map for each aspect state and finding the maximum over the image grid of the sum of likelihood maps weighted by the a priori probability for each state (usually assumed to be identical).
This is a horizontal filtering consisting of weighted average of the grid point and the neighboring eight points, with a weight of 1.0 (center), 0.5 (each side), and 0.3 (corner).
The scheme makes use of weighted approximations that allow to ensure high accuracy while taking benefit from the structured nature of the grid.
An SOM consists of a rectangular grid of clusters, each of which has a weighted connection to every input node (Fig. 1).
The labelled locations are distributed in a grid with cells measuring 500 × 500 m in order to aggregate the individual level data and to create origin-destination matrices of weighted connections between home and work locations.
Slices were placed onto probes, positioning the SCN directly over the 8×8 electrode grid, and weighted.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com