But if you don't have ubiquity of plugging, if you don't have a smart grid and grids that can talk to each other nationally, you're probably not going to move nearly as quickly as you should.
In the course of estimating the different costs of the select three technology options (off-grid, mini-grid and grid), as well as comparing them to see the least-cost/most viable option, the Network Planner model performs a financial analysis.
Using a qualitative assessment of academic literature and official documents, and a quantitative assessment of energy investments, we find that although international development agencies have provided financial support for niche, off-grid companies, both global donors and the regime electricity sector operators in Kenya and Tanzania continue to favor on-grid and grid extension activities.
However, due to the complexities inherent to construction of distributed computing environments, many grid tools and applications remain tied to specific grids and grid middlewares.
As of the end of 2007, the total installed generating capacity of all the photovoltaics in the United States, both off-grid and grid-connected, added up to less than half of the generating capacity of the Hoover Dam.
It can be useful in the evaluation of design options for off-grid and grid-connected power systems for remote, stand-alone generation applications [15, 16, 17, 18].
Vehicle-to-grid and Grid-to-vehicle strategies are often cited as promising to mitigate the intermittency of renewable energy on electric power grids.
In order for the EV to be considered as electric energy storage in the electric system, the energy flow has to be bidirectional, that is, vehicle-grid and grid-vehicle.
