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Aronson, M. F. J. et al. Biodiversity in the city: key challenges for urban green space management.
Effective urban planning, and urban green space management in particular, require proper data on urban green spaces.
Local authorities have traditionally been the sovereign entity within public green space management, reflecting a hierarchical mode of governance.
Urban planning and urban forest and green space management in these cities are facing many problems characteristic for post-socialist countries.
The scheme of introducing low-emitting ornamental species leads to a win win situation and also has implications for the sustainable green space management of other cities.
Previous studies have attempted to conceptualise the ecological, social and political potential of social-ecological innovation in urban green space management.
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Since contracting out has become common practice in urban green-space management, it is now a key challenge to develop well-functioning frameworks for managing the provision of outsourced green-space maintenance.
We deal with urban commons in relation to urban green-space management, referring to them as urban green commons.
The provision of services related to green-space maintenance, such as grass cutting, tree pruning, litter collection, or weed control, is an integrated part of urban green-space management.
For both the practitioner and the researcher, the paper can be used to inspect, compare, design and develop instruments, approaches and arrangements available in the toolbox of urban green-space management.
In this paper, I take our current knowledge a step forward and present a comprehensive overview of the 'infrastructure' of contract designs used for contracting-out in urban green-space management.
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