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Miranda et al. [75] demonstrated efficacy of combined therapy of complex Ru-NO (NO donor) and Brazilian green propolis extract in the treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ATL).
Brazilian green propolis extract showed IC50 close to 49 μg/mL against L. braziliensis, L. chagasi and L. major species, while the Bulgarian propolis extract showed leishmanicidal activity for L. amazonensis, L. chagasi and L. major species with IC50 between 2.8 and 41.3 μg/mL.
Brazilian green propolis extract (EPE) was prepared according to Wojtyczka et al. [ 15].
Recent studies provide new evidence-based support for the antimicrobial activity of Brazilian green propolis extract against a range of oral bacteria [ 34, 36, 43, 44, 59, 60].
Brazilian green propolis (Baccharis dracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae) found in Jaguaraçu, Minas Gerais, Brazil; was processed by crushing 200 g of the resinous compound and adding 500 ml of distilled water to yield green propolis extract (WEP).
Kaempferide and its derivatives and cinnamic acid derivatives, p-coumaric acid and artepillin C, were the major constituents identified in a tested sample of Brazilian green propolis extract [ 30, 32, 33].
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Bioautographic analysis of green propolis extracts permitted the identification of active components of the extracts against C. albicans [34] and against S. aureus [35].
Comparative study of the green propolis extracts from Brazilian and Bulgarian propolis extract carried out by Machado et al. [73] showed leishmanicidal activity against four different species of Leishmania (amazonensis, braziliensis, chagasi and major).
This was clearly observed in comparative assays of green Brazilian propolis extracted with different concentrations of ethanol in water against species of Candida [34] and Gram-positive Staphylococcus and Streptococcus [35]; the clearest results were obtained by serial dilution in tubes and on plates.
So, in this work, we developed three pharmaceutical formulations containing both chitosan and green propolis ethanolic extract.
Thus, the objectives of this study were to develop a dental varnish containing Brazilian green propolis ethanolic extract at three different concentrations and to verify the antimicrobial properties compared with chlorhexidine, cytotoxicity, and sustained-release profile of this new product.
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