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The dominant factor in this result is the greater surface energy of SiC compared with Al2O3.
The enhanced in vitro cell material interactions on the porous Ta surface are attributed to its chemistry, its high wettability and its greater surface energy relative to porous Ti.
According to the illustration of the film deposition at different working pressures, a higher working pressure leads to a rougher surface with larger surface defects and greater surface energy, which results in a more hydrophilic surface as shown in Figure 4.
It is apparent that the hyperstoichiometric ratio is linked to the size of the AgNPs and it is therefore surmised that the smaller AgNPs have superior release and catalytic recycling of the Ag+ released into solution, possibly driven by the greater surface energy of nanosized silver particles over its bulk scale counterparts.
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Overcoming the large surface energy to prevent the nanostructures from growing is one of the great challenges in the synthesis of nanomaterials [32].
Molecular adsorption mechanisms are, in fact, driven by the Gibbs isotherm, which dictates that the greater the surface energy, the greater the adsorption.
It was found that the greater the irradiation dose and pulse duration, the lower the contact angle and surface resistivity are and the greater the surface energy and microhardness are.
However, the ultra-small particles, especially for the particles with their size less than 20 nm, have greater surface free energy, which always aggregate when using relatively high ultrasonic power to get rid of the OA layer from their surface.
Unfortunately, the ultrasonic separation method is hardly applied to the particles whose sizes are smaller than 20 nm, because a smaller NaYF4 particle will have a greater surface-to-volume ratio than the bigger one, and therefore displays a much greater surface free energy, which induces the growth and aggregation under the function of ultra-sound treatment.
It was reported that hexagonal metal with a c/a ratio greater than 1.63, surface energy at {101} and {100} surfaces will be 1.5 times greater compared to {001} facets [47].
This nanoscale porosity leads to greater surface area that enhanced the energy storage capacity of non-porous electrospun carbon nanofibers (CNFs).
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