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Postponing declines in leaf water potential through greater rooting depth is more common for Quercus species (Abrams 1990; Pallardy 1993).
Species can also postpone declines in leaf water potential during drought through stem water storage and greater rooting depth (Abrams 1990).
Because salt levels decline slowly throughout the summer as ions are leached out of the soil by rain (L. L. Beaton, unpubl. data) and because adult plants have a greater rooting depth, the selection pressures for salt and drought tolerance will be greater during the critical juvenile stages of life.
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F. arundinacea, with a greater root depth, shows stronger adaptability to deep soil compared to L. perenne.
Pak-3, a semi-dwarf accession, showed the greatest rooting depth among all those tested (Fig. 2B).
No consistent difference was observed among maximum root depths of planting types although analysis of data grouped by clone showed that the 'Veronese' trees all had greater (P < 0.001) rooting depth than the remaining clones (Figure 4; Table 3).
This indicates that different sets of genes and physiological mechanisms determine activation of rooting depth traits that allow extraction of water from a greater depth compared to genes and mechanisms that affect photosynthate accumulation and its remobilization for yield improvement under drought stress.
Another example is an increase in rooting depth, which has a direct maintenance cost but only an indirect benefit of allowing greater stomatal conductivity and photosynthesis during drought periods.
Globally, rooting depth increases with aridity and roots can occupy large volumes [ 24, 38].
This greater damage above ground was associated with confinement of the roots to the top 10 cm of waterlogged soil (the maximum rooting depth was ∼2-fold below that of the B. humidicola accessions; Table 2).
We postulate that modulation of rooting depth by root growth angles is important for nitrogen acquisition by positioning roots in soil domains with the greatest nitrogen availability.
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