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The first two experiments showed that PND25 rats exhibit reliable compound summation (i.e., greater responding to the compound than to the individual CSs), at least when a between-subjects design is employed, but that PND18 rats do not exhibit such an effect.
However, in contrast to the hierarchical account, the pseudo-configural theory cannot accommodate the opposite result, greater responding on different trials.
There was no evidence of greater responding on same than on different trials in any of the tests, but there was evidence of the opposite higher responding on different trials.
Overall, there was greater responding to the valued compared with the devalued stimulus, indicating that there was a significant devaluation effect in both groups, F1,48 = 445.095, p<.001.
Indeed, self-administration studies have shown that AMPH engenders greater responding than cocaine on higher order schedules of reinforcement, which require strong cue-reward associations, while cocaine engenders greater consummatory behaviors than AMPH.
Please see Table 2 for descriptive and inferential statistics on acquisition and Table 3 for a summary of threat conditioning results and hypotheses results. 2 In general, significant differential acquisition was observed for SR, self-report fear, and shock US expectancy (i.e., greater responding to the CS + than the CS−).
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His fellow friars referred to him as "the dumb ox", to which his teacher Albert the Great responded that "the dumb ox will bellow so loud that his bellowing will fill the world".
Abstinent subjects with alcohol dependence also had greater premature responding.
Current smokers exhibited greater premature responding versus ex-smokers and nonsmokers.
Central serotonin depletion or 5-HT2C receptor antagonism is also associated with greater premature responding in rodents (30).
Equally, in rodents, greater premature responding for up to 2 weeks after chronic methamphetamine exposure suggests premature responding can also be a consequence of methamphetamine abuse (5).
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