Moreover, the energy levels of the highest occupied molecular orbitals of the BP-, St-, and CNSt-based main-chain-type and 2-D PTs were lower than that of P3HT, implying that they would be applicable for the preparation of polymer solar cells (PSC) with greater open-circuit voltages.
(ii) The ZnO-coated TiO2 structure shifts the conduction band of TiO2, leading to the great increase in the open circuit voltage (Voc).
The influence of the alkyl side chain on the short-circuit current is much greater than that of the open circuit voltage.
Simple test cells using lithium anodes and cerium(IV) cathodes that have open circuit voltages greater than 4 V and that can be discharged at current densities of 0.1 mA cm−2 with minimal polarization have been demonstrated.
The open circuit voltage was greater than that obtained using the separated NiO cathode or TiO2 anode.
In open circuit controls, there was greater acetate production than methane production, as the methane-to-acetate ratio was always less than 1.
The increase in cell open circuit voltage will be somewhat less because of the greater gas solubility at increasing pressure which produces higher lost currents.
For the material with HOMO-LUMO energy gap of 2.16 eV (tris-4-iminophenyl-methyl-thiophene), there is a great potential for application in solution-processable photovoltaic devices with good open circuit voltage [22, 25].
With methane production much greater than that possible by abiotic hydrogen production and little methane evolution in open circuit controls, the only likely source of electron donor was the cathode itself.
Open circuit potential and redox potentials measured over two days showed great differences for the lactate/sulphate and lactate/nitrate growth media.
The use of such hybrid structures affords greater design flexibility, allowing, for example, the optimization of key photovoltaic device parameters such as open circuit voltage and photocurrent.
