Recognising the frailty of political support for the current benefit system, and the even greater frailty in the prospects of vulnerable Britons if the safety net were dismantled, Labour's John McDonnell has admitted to finding attraction in a citizen's income.
We consider in particular factors that might result in a greater frailty burden in women, focusing on frailty being measured by a Frailty Index.
Being female is associated with poorer self-rated physical and mental health, greater frailty, but decreased mortality.
Variations in self-rated physical and mental health (SF-12 physical and mental scores), frailty index, and mortality are shown in Table 2. Increasing age is associated with better self-rated mental health, greater frailty, and increased mortality.
Higher scores indicate greater frailty.
As a first explanation for these gender effects might be proposed a greater frailty of older men in our sample.
Higher rates of diagnosis after emergency admission were also associated with older patients, greater frailty and more comorbidity.
Increased life expectancy is associated with a greater frailty of elderly people and a higher prevalence of chronic and degenerative diseases, including osteoporosis.
People with greater frailty were more likely to experience a greater number of bedridden days before death than those with less frailty.
Furthermore, illnesses and injuries that lead to hospitalization increase the likelihood of transitioning from non-frail to pre-frail, frail, or greater frailty states.
In a cohort of 4130 men aged over 65 years, hip OA and total hip replacement were found to be associated with greater frailty, suggesting that interventions to reduce frailty should be evaluated in these patients [ 60].
