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Whereas Asongu has shown that countries with high income are linked to greater financial development levels in Africa, Jaffee and Levonian (2001) concluded that higher-income countries are associated with more developed banking system structures.
Overall, our results point toward the need for taking into account firm and industry level heterogeneity in designing policies aimed at managing exchange rate shocks and also the role of greater financial development in currency risk management.
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However, the United States was largely unresponsive and ultimately distracted by its involvement in the Korean War and unconvinced that development needed greater financial stimulation.
It also recommended that the Bank collaborate with development partners to strengthen country-level leadership of development assistance coordination by offering greater financial and technical support.
As computers were rare and extremely expensive, inefficient programs were a greater financial problem than the lengthy and painstaking development of machine-language programs.
Greater financial openness, when accompanied by a high level of financial development, reduces output volatility.
Similar programs are already in place at Cisco Systems, I.B.M., Sun Microsystems and Xerox as a way to reward engineers and scientists who might otherwise leave research and development jobs for management positions with greater financial rewards.
They also have greater financial resources, and this quickly translates into larger expenditures on research and development and greater marketing muscle.
Inasmuch as household financial market access makes it less necessary to reduce labor income risk, it is not surprising to see that Anglo-Saxon labor markets are much less regulated than Continental European ones, and that both labor market deregulation and financial development trends characterized the period leading to the Great Recession.
Granger causality reveals a feedback effect between economic globalisation and financial development; globalisation in China can only reduce energy consumption if China develops its financial sector to a greater extent.
We find that productivity is lower in hospitals with greater financial autonomy, and where a large proportion of income derives from education, research and development, and training activities.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com