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Compared to a benzene ring, pyridine has a greater electron affinity and better electron-transporting properties.
HL leaves had upregulated their light utilization through higher photochemical quantum yield (ΔF/Fm′) and greater electron transport rate.
At even greater electron mobilities and stronger magnetic fields, Tsui and Stšrmer discovered in 1982, the resistance steps developed subdivisions--the fractional quantum Hall effect.
Electrons move into the SWNTs and holes move into the polymer because the SWNTs have a greater electron affinity than the polymer [16].
Greater electron donation leads to greater L-to-Pd σ donation and a stronger Pd L bond, and thus a greater overall barrier.
In addition, the greater electron lifetime and superior light scattering ability also enhanced the photovoltaic performance of the TiO2 microsphere-based, solid state DSSCs.
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Increases in the rates from MMA to EMA are attributed to the greater electron-donating power of the ethyl group as compared with methyl.
The XPS measurement revealed that the zinc ions in the ZnAlPO4 structure possessed a higher binding energy than those in ZnO, and as a result, a greater electron-attracting ability.
An increase in the rate from methyl to ethyl is attributed to the greater electron-donating tendency of ethyl (–CH2CH3 of EMA) as compared with methyl group (–CH3 group of MMA) [30].
In our specific case, substituted dNTPs with lower leaving group p Ka's have atoms at the β γ-X-phosphate bridging position that are expected to show greater electron-withdrawing propensity.
Base-on cobalamin falls into the former category, protecting the cobalt from reduction because DMB has greater electron-donating character than the H2O molecule that binds in its absence (Ref. 54).
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