Since 2007, WAA has spread to Hebei province, where it has caused great damage to orchards in several regions (Qinhuangdao, Tangshan, and Shijiazhuang) (Wu et al. 2009).
Fruit growers with IPM orchards thus benefit from the presence of great tits in their orchards even without changing their normal management.
Autumn arrived with the sound of boughs breaking in the orchard, so great was the weight of the crop.
We used a repeated measure ANOVA (to maintain the link between the area with and without great tits within an orchard) with binominal errors with caterpillar damage (number of damaged apples over number of apples scored per area) as the response variable and treatment, management type (IPM or OF) and their interaction as explanatory variables.
THE SETTING -- A storied homecoming for the Levine family, returning, in spirit, to the cramped tenement at 97 Orchard Street where their great-great-grandparents began their American journey more than a century ago.
He took great pleasure cultivating his small orchard, as well as baking bread, reading voraciously, and visiting regularly with a wide circle of family and friends.
If they aren't held in quaint old towns, they usually take place amid the sprawling orchards themselves — always great places to visit on a brisk autumn day.
Part of the site which was the actual Spitalfields, the fields and orchards of a great medieval hospital remains to be excavated this summer, leaving the possibility of equally spectacular finds.
Potential revenues from orchard planting were greater than from fallows, however they were small compared to median incomes suggesting that the motivation to plant orchards is income diversification.
The greater final biomass present in both root and scion of one-year-old biaxis nursery trees may contribute to accelerated canopy development of the planted orchard, while their greater flowering intensity indicates high potential for early cropping.
Additionally, our findings imply that the threshold caterpillar densities at which pesticides need to be applied can be raised when great tits are breeding in orchards.
