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Here, we review this concept and discuss how plant pathogens are great model systems to study evolutionary adaptations at multiple time scales.
Biological invasions have provided great model systems as many reported cases of contemporary evolution are associated with colonization events (Reznick and Ghalambor 2001; Lee 2002; Stockwell et al. 2003; Cox 2004; Lambrinos 2004; Bossdorf et al. 2005; Whitney and Gabler 2008).
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Yeast provides a great model system to address this issue due to its abundant functional genomic data.
Because of its network properties, the circadian clock constitutes a great model system in which to test the gene balance hypothesis.
In "The Chick: A Great Model System Becomes Even Greater," Stern 2 stated: "Now, it has become even more powerful thanks to several new technologies: in vivo electroporation, ES cells, novel methods for transgenesis ….
These observations indicated that murine N1E-115 cells are a great model system to study centrosome clustering and declustering as they show both interphase and mitotic centrosome clustering similar to patient tumor cells.
These recent studies highlight the great potential model systems hold for applying evolutionary theory in large part due to their amenability to laboratory conditions and genetic/genomic tools.
These findings have implications for understanding the evolution of infectious disease including host-parasite co-evolution, and for expanding new great-ape model systems to study malaria pathology.
Despite their great potential as model systems for a diverse array of biological areas, including molecular evolution (Duda and Palumbi 1999, 2000; Vonk et al. 2013), functional convergence (Fry et al. 2009), drug discovery (Escoubas and King 2009; Koh and Kini 2012), or structural biology (Tsetlin 1999; Terlau and Olivera 2004; Dutertre and Lewis 2010), most venomous animals remain understudied.
We have a great model, a great system.
As this strain showed a great potential in the model systems used so far, it is of special interest to see its behavior in immunocompetent mice.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com