In particular, it has provided the origin (three components) and the scale (one component) of the latest International Terrestrial Reference Frames (e.g., Altamimi et al. 2011; IGN 2016) and also gravity coefficients of the Earth (e.g., Reigber 1989).
This encompasses a comprehensive and critical analysis of the various methods used in the estimation of the gravity coefficients and the processing of large batches of diverse measurements and data types.
The expected results from these data are; (1) drastic reduction in far-side gravity error, (2) estimation of many gravity coefficients by the observation, not by a priori information, and (3) one order of magnitude improvement over existing gravity models for low-degree field.
Turning now to low-degree gravity coefficients, among all the coefficients up to degree and order 4 treated as solved-for parameters, the five cases of the degree-2 coefficients are plotted in Fig. 4 in the same way as in Fig. 3.
These empirical parameters also guard against the low-degree gravity coefficients used for the LRO orbit determination, including the Love number k2, affecting our results.
Table 1 Basic characteristics of TEG Chemical formula C6H14O4 Melting/boiling point −14.3 °C/287.3 °C Specific gravity 1.1255 Coefficient of expansion 0.00072.
To complement the profiles, the following canopy variables or indices were used: centre of gravity, extinction coefficient representing the prevalent leaf angles, light extinction (as in Spehn et al. 2000), LAR and the total LAI (as in Fliervoet 1987).
The solution models are evaluated in terms of the following viewpoints: power spectra of gravity field coefficients, correlations of low degree zonal coefficients, precise orbit determination, and error distribution of both Mars free air gravity anomaly and areoid.
The Earth gravity field coefficients up to degree and order of 4 are estimated as common parameters.
