That gratification may be based on something more than is currently in the record.
Re "In the Options Age, Rising Pay (and Risk)," your annual look at executive compensation (April 2): Instant companies, instant gratification, stock prices based on earnings that never materialize: Executive compensation in dot-coms is a metaphor for the lack of substance that has been endemic in stock valuations -- a vacuum that has been exposed by the Nasdaq meltdown.
The primacy of the affective system over cognitive control in young people is related to decision making based on instant gratification, regardless of eventual future harmful consequences.
Self-direction: Goal-setting based on personal gratification; absence of prosocial internal standards associated with failure to conform to lawful or culturally normative ethical behavior.
It's clear this system can't persist, especially in an age of digital disruption where upstarts are reinventing industries based on immediate gratification and ultimate personalization.
Building on this distinction, this paper terms the self dimension of justification 'aesthetic justification' (based on personal gratification) and the social dimension of justification 'moral justification' (the 'socialness' of taste, folding in questions of civility, collective sentiments and techniques of fashioning the self).
In his fifties, Miller watched his peers live lifestyles based on instant gratification -- a "charge it, figure it out later mindset", but he knew that planning for retirement requires a different mindset: "I'm going to get out of debt and put away money today, so that I have options when I'm older to do what I want to do.
Thus, it would appear that females gravitate away from games that are biased towards male cognitive strengths, such as first person shooter games, but that they are drawn to games that allow them to exercise control and elicit gratification through an optimal challenge based on their own cognitive strengths[ 42].
Based on the uses and gratifications model, we hypothesized that individuals would respond to information requests broadcast by unknown others to fulfill their needs for social interaction (affiliative tendency), to maintain a positive self-image (self-esteem), or to proclaim one's uniqueness (public individuation).
It is possible to consider any excessive behavior as a deficit in decision making, based on the recurrent choice of immediate gratification despite its long-term negative consequences.
