Some special crops, such as potato and reed canary grass, represented diversified land use in the northern region, but farmers tended to allocate such crops very strictly to certain types of field and did not diversify crop rotations.
Heteroscedasticity in the residuals between two land uses (grass land and shrub land) and autocorrelation in the residuals only existed at 0.4 m soil layer where the GLS model did not improve significantly over the OLS model in terms of explaining variations in ECe.
In addition, the application of land uses included grass land, eucalyptus forest land, vegetable land, tea garden, sweet potato land, and paddy field reduced the erodibility of the soil compare to bare land.
For example, government could offer a "grass subsidy" to reward land use that traps carbon in the soil, aligning with a broader carbon policy.
Market prices for grass and possible subsidies for land use are crucial for profitability.
Bumblebee density and species richness were clearly negatively correlated with the total area of forest and flower-poor land use areas, including grass fields and cereals.
A total of 27 (9 per land use) composite samples of grasses were collected from all land uses.. Fresh samples were weighed in the field with a 0.1 g precision balance; and a well-mixed sub-sample of grasses was then placed in a marked bag.
These results suggest restoration of degraded barren and cultivated land to grass and forest land and decrease in intensity of land use could increase carbon and nitrogen storage in the study area as well as other similar mountainous regions of Indian mid-Himalayas.
The reference situation for reed canary grass production can be any other agricultural production or land use, but the emissions associated with these activities are not considered due to the lack of representative data.
Where forests have been logged and not replanted, a secondary growth of grasses and shrubs has sprung up that often limits land use for farming.
