In our study, the influence of granular shape on the ΦI of various binary granular systems was investigated theoretically and experimentally with a Freeman FT4 Powder Rheometer.
The regions for the temperature, the water fraction and the amount of starch where the modified starch keeps it granular shape have been identified simultaneously.
Our findings show that three regions have been divided for various binary granular systems based on their magnitude of aspect ratio, and there exists a powder function between ΔtanФI and granular shape factors.
The new method, called GEM, bypasses one of the current bottlenecks in computational discrete mechanics of granular materials by allowing discrete elements to take realistic and complex granular shapes encountered in engineering and science (e.g., sand grains).
The study of angle of internal friction (ΦI) is widely prevalent due to its importance in science and engineering, and yet the quantitative description concerning the effect of granular shape on the ΦI is few.
On this basis, an integrated model has been proposed to describe the quantitative relationship between angle of internal friction and granular shape factor, which agrees well with the experimental data.
This study strengthened our understanding of interaction between protein and CaP and can be applied to surface modification of bone substitutes in granular shapes for the promotion of bone regeneration.
Similarly, the TEM images of the (La1 − xPrx 0.67Ca0.33MnO3 (x = 0.0 0.5) nanoparticles post-annealed at 800 °C for 5 h are shown in Fig. 4, which reveals that the LPCMO nanoparticles exhibit irregular granular shapes.
They proposed an architectural model of Zinnia elegans TEs composed of three layers: an outermost granular layer, a middle primary wall composed of a meshwork of cellulose fibrils, and inner secondary wall thickenings containing parallel cellulose microfibrils (Lacayo et al. [2010]. Lignin displayed a granular shape in the secondary wall thickenings of Zinnia TEs.
The round granular shapes of serum pellets (Fig. 4F and G) were seen to aggregate into larger structures (Fig. 4C) that in turn seemed to elongate into ellipsoid shapes or spindles carrying projecting needles or filaments (Fig. 3B, D, and H).
