But it wasn't clear how they transfer the toxins to human tissue, because they lack the syringe-like appendage used by their gram-negative counterparts, including Salmonella and Escherichia coli, to penetrate host cells.
These features may account for the unique DNA recognition and quinolone targeting properties of pneumococcal type II topoisomerases compared to their gram-negative counterparts.
Therefore, there is an urgent need for a better understanding of the complexity of the transcriptomes in this most widely-used model Gram-negative bacterium, in particular, when the same highly complex and dynamic transcriptomes have recently been revealed in its counterpart model Gram-positive bacterium B. Subtilis[ 25].
However, ironically, our understanding about the complexity of the transcriptomes in this model bacterium is rather limited compared to its counterpart model Gram-positive bacterium B. subtilis[ 25].
The gene landscape of this maltooligosaccharide gene cluster differed in the types of glycoside hydrolases encoded in the comparison to counterparts reported in other Gram positive bacteria [ 41]–[ 43] suggesting divergence in α-glucan metabolism.
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In several species, such as Chamomilla recutita, Petunia Mitchell, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Artemisia annua, and Panax ginseng, the production of flavonoids and terpenoids per gram of tissue was higher in polyploids than in their diploid counterparts [ 29- 33].
The total contents of collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in TPT-MCG constructs was up to 833 mg per gram dry weight in contrast with 273 mg per gram dry weight in TPT-G counterparts.
In the 1990s, based on genomic homology with its counterparts in other Gram-negative bacteria, P. aeruginosa exoenzyme S was identified as the effector protein that was injected into host cells via the TTSS [ 19].
Pedrolino was his counterpart.
"Gram was especially delighted".
