However, the continued small-grained populations in Early Historic South India (Nevasa) and apparent reversion in later Medieval Libya suggests that there may be factors that work against gigantism in pearl millet, and in the absence reinforcing selection populations may tend towards the smaller size ranges.
In previous urban planning research, the fine-grained population was considered a crucial factor.
Fine-grained population mapping, precision vaccination campaigns, and monitoring the backbone of the eradication initiative are out of the question.
The variety most preferred by farmers, PM-7, was developed from crossing a new yellow-grained variety with local and new white-grained varieties and extracting a white-grained population from the segregating progeny after two generations.
A computational dynamical analysis at the individual neuron level, such as the one presented in the previous section, is too complicated to perform for any realistic population size; a coarse-grained, population-level dynamical description and analysis become not only preferred, but necessary.
Thus, the primary basis for inference is the fine-grained population response and mechanistic reasoning.
Consistent with this hypothesis, they documented a very fast shift in migration timing in shad and high interannual correlation with temperature (a fine-grained population response).
Five basic approaches might be considered for inferring plasticity: 'animal model' analyses, common-garden studies, experimental manipulations, fine-grained population responses, and measures of individual plasticity (Table 1).
In summary, the majority of papers in our review documented relatively fine-grained population responses to temperature or snowmelt/ice-out over relatively short time frames.
The correlation-based methods most frequently employed point largely to 'fine-grained' population responses to environmental variability (i.e. rapid phenotypic changes relative to generation time), consistent with plastic mechanisms.
