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These discs were selected to avoid grain deviation around branches.
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This paper describes a comparative experimental and analytical study of the maximum bending load in timber beams of Pinus sylvestris L. having natural defects (knots, grain deviations, fissures and wanes) that are reinforced with carbon fiber composite (CFRP).
Monaghan et al. (2001) and Bogard et al. (2010), for example, found that grain protein deviation (the difference from the value predicted by yield) was positively related to post-anthesis uptake.
These two formulae are more useful/practical in the estimation of engineered wood composites like LVL according to grain direction deviation between veneers in the lay-up process.
The prediction of LVL strength using this theory may be somewhat misleading in small grain angle deviations.
Two misorientation parameters widely used in EBSD analysis, Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM) and Grain Reference Orientation Deviation (GROD), are compared in terms of accumulated plasticity characterization after LCF failure, where a bilinear function is found between final KAM and applied cyclic load εpmax & εpa.
The sample demonstrates uniform structure with grain size average deviation ±6%%.
Two pass schedules were obtained and discussed in the paper with regard to rolling pass time, average grain size, grain size deviation in thickness, etc.
Therefore, we propose a thermodynamic viewpoint to explain the deviation of grain growth kinetics in nanocrystalline metals from those of polycrystalline materials.
Energy anisotropy, however, causes significant deviation of grain growth kinetics, misorientation and edge-distributions from the ones observed in isotropic systems.
The effects of non-ideality are largest when the impurities are attracted to the grain boundary and the deviation from ideality is positive.
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