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In vitro degradation studies demonstrate the gradual surface aggregation and degradation of NPs and the effects on polymer properties.
Since the gradual surface deformation is a consequence of hydrocarbon reservoirs extraction, the process of displacement monitoring is amongst the petroleum industry priorities.
The site recently underwent abrupt deformations due to strong regional earthquakes in 2004, 2007, 2011, and 2014, while gradual surface deformations were reported during quiescent periods between the earthquakes.
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A gradual inelastic surface is proposed as a function of the temperature and the loading combination.
However, the signs of corrosion in pH 5 ATF were remarkably different as TiO2 showed smaller pits and a gradual increase in surface roughness while HA showed large pit formations and a steep increase in surface roughness (figure 2 to figure 5).
Gradual rise in surface potential which is responsible for ESD, can be measured by scanning entire substrate's surface at regular time intervals.
Ulcer, a lesion or sore on the skin or mucous membrane resulting from the gradual disintegration of surface epithelial tissue.
Moreover, a gradual decrease of surface areas as well as pore volume and diameters can be observed because of the introduction of cerium.
For high-temperature treatment we observe a gradual decrease in surface area, up to about 47 50 m2/g (after treatment at 773 K).
The AFM images in Figure 2 a-d show the gradual increase of surface roughness with increasing nitrogen plasma treatment time, indicating that the as-grown graphene on Cu is directly converted N-GQSs.
The various steps of the gradual comprehension of the surface structure and surface chemistry of aluminas are here summarized.
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