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Such numerical approach allows applying different gradient variation for mechanical and electrical properties.
The method was independent of the gradient variation law of material properties.
Since the method is independent of the gradient variation law of material properties, it can be extended to any kind of gradient variation law of material properties.
Gradient variation of microhardness with the depth was also obtained for various samples.
Results indicate that the content of either polymer shows a gradient variation along the thickness direction.
For a general gradient variation, an analytic approach is suggested, which reduces the problem to a Fredholm integral equation.
Similar(28)
When incubated in the laboratory under shared environmental conditions, embryos from colder environments developed faster and grew more efficiently than embryos from warmer environments, which is a pattern called counter-gradient variation.
We found strong counter-gradient variation in aerobic scope between locations in four species from two families (Pomacentridae and Apogonidae).
This counter-gradient variation in absolute aerobic capacity was mostly driven by southern populations exhibiting up to 80% higher MO2Max compared with the northern populations.
(2) Thermal performance curves could exhibit co-gradient variation, whereby populations from warmer locations tend to outperform populations from cooler locations at all temperatures (Fig. 1b).
(3) Thermal performance curves could exhibit counter-gradient variation, whereby populations from cooler locations outperform populations from warmer locations at all temperatures (Fig. 1c).
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