Exact(3)
minimum gradient support.
Meanwhile, Zhang et al. (2009, 2010) added diagonal gradient support to the objective functional, which consists of both smoothing and focusing constraints, and obtained better inversion results in imaging an inclined geoelectrical interface.
Although past works have proposed functionals that may be suitable for the imaging of a sharp boundary, such as minimum support and minimum gradient support (MGS) functionals, they involve some difficulties and limitations in practice.
Similar(57)
Depending on a location's position along the aridity, population density or market access gradient, supporting 'pastoralism and biodiversity' as a package, necessitates different investment and development actions and policy support.
The use of DE on constructed cost functions representing different weightings of the two objectives provided the same rank-order of reach locations with respect to their floodplain access impact on predicted bridge scour; ancillary testing using a finite difference scour gradient supports the proposed interpretation.
Generally, there is a positive gradient, supporting the observation that the UK APACHE II predictions consistently overestimate the risk of death, although some variations in the slope are observed.
The study area encompasses 17 towns in the greater Augusta area of central Maine, spans the regional metamorphism gradient (Supporting Information (SI) Figure S1 and S2), and is composed of NE-SW striking nearly vertically dipping (80 89 degree) Silurian meta-sedimentary formations and Precambrian-Ordovician mafic to felsic volcanic rocks in the far eastern part of the study area.
Although most calculated turgor pressure gradients support the pressure flow theory (Housley and Fisher 1977; Rogers and Peel 1975; Turgeon 2010), experimental validations through direct measurement, particularly in trees, are insufficient due to the lack of a reliable real-time measurement method for the sink phloem (Knoblauch and Oparka 2012).
Analyses of selection gradients support these results as they indicate directional density-dependent selection towards higher reproductive effort only among rare tactics (Fig. 2).
These gradients support a range of species and communities that differ considerably from those found further west across the prevalently dry continent.
Moreover, the differences among safe-sites, according to C and N gradients, support the occurrence of a plant cover effect on the rhizosphere bacterial community within those safe-sites.
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