A recent large-scale polymorphism study in A. thaliana showed a continuous gradient of variations along eastern western Europe (Platt et al., 2010), suggesting that methods are still required to estimate time and to test neutrality within a continuous population structure.
Components three through five quantified different gradients in land cover pattern among the analyses, suggesting that gradients of variation in land cover spatial patterns quantified by later components are unique to each landscape.
Overall, we find that a suite of commonly used landscape metrics typically applied to large landscape units provides a similar basis for the quantitative description of the major gradients of variation in land cover spatial patterns when applied to small landscape units.
The observed northwest-rest gradient of genetic variation was quantified with transect profiles and confirmed with short-term Reynolds' genetic distance.
PC2 represents a gradient of slight variation in the size shape and position of paired and median fins.
That means, the gradient of belief variation depends on the frequency with which these update methods are applied: the more frequently the hypotheses are updated, the steeper their belief variations are.
If the hypothesis were true, we would predict a consistent pattern within each tributary of a gradient of adaptive variation correlated with upstream distance and contrasted by minimal neutral structure at the same scale.
Gaussian-based matching, local binary pattern, and gradient orientation features are applied at the coarse scale, while circularity, gradient inverse coefficient of variation and Kullback Leibler divergence measures are applied at the fine scale.
In Step 3, the contour-based circularity and gradient inverse coefficient of variation (GICOV) features are extracted for the final cavity classification using a Bayesian classifier.
One theory is that regulatory networks like the DREB/CBF regulon may contribute to phenotypic gradient by virtue of variation in size and compositional complexity of downstream genes that are controlled by the master regulator.
Then, the Wasserstein sub-differential is proven to be of the desired form (i.e. composed only of the gradient of the first variation of F, when F admits a first variation).
