Cold-rolled polycrystalline nickel sheets were directionally annealed at 1000°C with either a large (1000°C/cm) or a small (50°C/cm) temperature gradient ahead of the hot zone.
The effects of annealing temperature, hot zone velocity and temperature gradient ahead of the hot zone on the microstructure of directionally-annealed, cold-rolled, high-purity copper single crystals were investigated.
In this paper, the shape and material gradient of the sharp hot structure are designed and optimized to meet the hypersonic flight conditions.
With the change of temperature gradient inside the hot spot or the hot spot size, such interactions can be strengthened or weakened and thereby the mode of supersonic reaction front propagation changes.
Data on the behaviour of the thermal gradient over the hot plate under different flow conditions were collected from a large experimental flume facility.
Aligned NWs can be easily produced by annealing nonaligned NWs in vacuum using two zones of temperature gradient method (with the hot zone kept at 850°C and the cold zone at 750°C).
The reason is that in the nonequilibrium system, the encapsulated C60 cluster suffers the thermophoretic force in the direction opposite to that of the thermal gradient, pointing from the hot region (ends) to the cold region (middle).
Further information on the behaviour of the thermal gradient over the hot-plate surface was obtained from an experimental flume system.
The temperature gradient and the hot spot temperatures are important for the design of reactor structures to ensure their safety and efficiency.
However, for plants exposed to 45 °C, post-stress root growth increased significantly with ClimatePC1 (i.e. increased towards the cooler and moister end of the climate gradient compared with the hotter and drier end; Table 3c; P = 0.0003).
Here we examine the effectiveness of forcing zero temperature gradient at the edges of the hot-film in eliminating these errors.
