The formula that takes into account electron density and its gradient, and hence the contribution of compression to the observed Doppler shift has to be used.
An SE-EPI sequence with an additional gradient can remove the contribution of large blood vessels to BOLD signal, because diffusion effects are small around large blood vessels, and the velocity in the vessels is high [ 13, 16].
To identify the extent to which pH and topographic factors control SOC levels in dry farming cropland soils of the mountainous region of Southwest China, we compared the differences along topographic gradients, and analysed the contribution of different factors in determining SOC status using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear regression.
The indentation-size effect as observed in the indentation tests was explained through the consideration of the contribution of the strain gradient in the constitutive relation.
It is demonstrated that the time-averaged, not instantaneous, orientation of the applied gradients determines the contributions of long-range intermolecular dipole effects.
A critical examination of the models for pressure fluctuations is an essential element of the analysis; involved is an extension of the Bray-Moss-Libby (BML) decomposition to pressure gradients and the modeling of the contributions from reactants, products, and flamelets.
It is also important to recognize that r/K selection theory proposes not a qualitative categorization of evolutionary outcomes but instead proposes a continuous gradient of relative contributions of r-selected and K-selected traits for any given species.
The main contributions of this paper are the following: For better contrast enhancement, we introduce a novel image prior, the non-convex gradient fidelity (NGF), which assumes that the gradient of the desired image is close to the multiplication of the gradient of the original image by a scale factor, which is adaptively proportional to the difference of their gradients.
