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"Both poverty and education have repeatedly been shown to track along a gradient of health in children, with lower incomes and lower education correlated with worse health outcomes," according to the report.
This gradient of health has been noted before, not least by Michael Marmot of University College London.Excess alcohol also leads to obesity that cuts life expectancy, as Sarah Harper of the University of Oxford argued in an excellent lecture delivered in London on March 13th.
What's more, this social gradient of health, or what he calls Status Syndrome, isn't confined to civil servants or to the UK but is a global phenomenon.
The Whitehall results are very robust and reveal a strong gradient of health across a wide range of morbidity and mortality measures.
Two longitudinal studies of British civil servants, known as the Whitehall Studies, have shown a pronounced socio-economic gradient of health across different categories of workers: the higher a worker's occupational status, the longer and healthier her life.
The differences in social conditions create a stepwise gradient of health conditions between social groups [ 12, 13].
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The impacts of socio-economic status, ethnicity, age, and gender on both gradients of health status and access to services are well established and incontrovertible [ 52- 54].
Sharp spatial gradients of health benefit influences can only be captured with higher resolution simulations (i.e., a smaller grid cell size).
First, integration of oral health benefits within universal health insurance would likely provide the most value across the social gradient of oral health inequities, notably to working poor populations.
In public health terms, the importance of these findings here is that for this CVD spectrum we have quantified a gradient of physical health in different conditions.
However, it is not only the case that the poorest in society have poor health, but a gradient of ill-health and mortality exists across all socioeconomic groups [ 1- 4].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com