The issue of 'fairness' regarding the holistic grading of participation as outlined in section 2.1 applies equally to the discussion of these results, in that it is precisely because it may be difficult to accurately and systematically assign scores to each student for classroom participation.
Nonetheless, from the authors' experiences, the procedure is widely adopted in many EFL contexts, and so the implication of these results is that IAO learners may unfairly be penalized in such contexts, and, thus, that the grading of participation using current practice may no longer be advisable.
So, how can we change unfair grading of participation and make classrooms more introvert friendly?
Students were awarded 10 points (around 6% of total grades) for participation in the online discussions.
A variety of implementation tactics were also observed in the other facilitation strategies of developing a routine, grading on participation, designing activities for participation, and using incremental steps/scaffolding.
In college biology courses, clicker questions graded on participation and not correctness of responses is one strategy.
In addition to corroborating instructors' use of these strategies, this study also identified four new strategies for promoting student engagement with active learning: developing a routine, grading on participation, conscientiously designing activities for student-participation, and using incremental activities.
Our results consistently suggest that earlier infant motor development was associated with higher PE grade, higher frequency of participation in leisure time sports, and participation in a greater number of different types of sports.
This manifests itself in lower grades and a lack of participation.
Given that half of the grade is class participation, they have little chance of getting a good final grade.
