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Functional graded materials (FGM) provided us one new concept for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane design with graded component and graded structure where one face of the membrane is porous thereby allowing cell growth thereon and the opposite face of the membrane is smooth, thereby inhibiting cell adhesion in periodontal therapy.
Figure 7 presents the comparison of total generated edge, screw, and mixed type MDs in all possible planes of the step-graded and without graded structure.
Bending of dislocations in without graded structure only occurs very close to the In x Ga1-xN/GaN interface, whereas dislocation bending can be noticed at each interface between InGaN interlayers of different composition in step-graded structure [52].
This is explained by low surface friction, characteristic constitutive behavior, and graded structure of PP/PA laminate.
The SMARTCOAT design consists of a MCrAlY base, enriched first in chromium, then aluminium to provide a chemically graded structure.
In case of without graded structure the most of the MDs are generated near the film substrate interface due to large mismatch and lower critical thickness.
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Furthermore, as observed in various experimental works most nucleation sites for TDs are MDs which are extremely lower in step-graded structure than the without graded.
Besides, a higher rate of reduction has been reported for the step-graded structure especially for mixed type due to more relative motion and step inclination at each interlayer.
Therefore, the TD reduction in step-graded structure can be enhanced by the MD blocking.
The multilayer epitaxial structures with 40 % In composition for In x Ga1-xN has been considered using step-graded structure.
On the other hand, with increasing the InGaN interlayer in a step-graded structure composition increases slowly step-wise.
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