Initially, we included level 2 variables to control for course grade, gender, and race/ethnicity because these variables relate to performance on RBAs (Madsen et al. 2013; Van Dusen and Nissen 2017).
Note that this strong phylogenetic effect a single large difference between suborders was not identified by the use in [13] of independent contrasts, which are not designed to control for grade shifts between clades.
Second, we attempted to control for this by grouping grades 3 and 4 together (severe disease) and grades 1 and 2 together (mild to moderate disease).
These genes are regulated to control graded gene expression for ligands or receptors related to the graded response of the cell to environmental signals or stimuli.
Then, we ask if program quality in Grade 3 is related to children's math grades in Grade 3, controlling for Grade 2 math grades.
We ask, for example, if features of program quality (staff positive regard, number and diversity of age-appropriate activities, programming flexibility) in Grade 2 are related to children's math grades in Grade 2, controlling for Grade 1 math grades.
The finding of the present study that phoneme awareness at the end of kindergarten did not correlate with reading and spelling at the end of second grade when controlled for letter knowledge supports this view.
The word-level reading-related skills of oral vocabulary and word semantics remained to be strongly predictive of reading comprehension for the Chinese typically developing children at junior grades, after controlling for their age, IQ, and Chinese word reading scores.
Credé et al. (2017) find that overall Grit does not explain additional variance in academic performance (measured by GPAs in high school, college, and individual grades) after controlling for Conscientiousness, but that Perseverance of effort facet explains a substantial incremental variance in all three measures of academic performance even after controlling for Conscientiousness.
Current smoking intensity was associated with an increased risk of high-grade CIN, after controlling for cervical HPV status (compared to non-smokers, hazards ratio (HR) for 10 or more cigarettes per day = 2.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19 4.12, p-trend = 0.008).
