Little is known, however, about how the level of genetic alteration across an entire cancer genome affects tumor grade, stage or survival.
Pathologic grade, stage, morphometric volume, number of tumor foci and association with areas of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) were assessed by light microscopy.
Of these factors, generally tumor grade, stage, and presence of CIS are considered the most important.
For a given tumor type, the frequency of CT expression is often dependent upon tumor grade, stage, and histological types.
The most useful prognostic parameters are tumor grade, stage, size, prior recurrence rate and the synchronous presence of CIS [3].
Furthermore, VEGF over-expression has been found to be correlated with the grade, stage, and recurrence of tumors indicating that VEGF-positive tumors are biologically aggressive [81].
At present, the most important prognostic factors include histological tumor grade, stage, depth of the tumor invasion, and involvement of regional lymph nodes at the time of diagnosis.
Thus, VEGF is a crucial growth factor mediating tumor angiogenesis, and its expression has been associated with advanced grade, stage, and recurrence of TCC [78], [79], [80].
Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to evaluate the CSR gene list and patient grade, stage, and performance status in predicting outcome.
