As second grade parameter, K increases both the residual errors of the azimuthal velocity f and the temperature θ, as shown in Figure 4.
In Figure 1, putting (mathit {Ma}=1), (M=1), (Upsilon =0.127013), (mathit {Pr}=0.2), (mathit {Gr}=5), (S=0.2) and varying the second grade parameter K we observe the error for different orders of approximation.
It is concluded that as the second grade parameter K increases the flow velocity decreases slightly up to some extent and then increases, it means swing impact is detectable, while temperature consistently increases.
Based on Table 5, increasing the value of second grade parameter K will reduce the film thickness (beta^{2}=Upsilon) and the heat flux (-theta'(0)) also decrease, but the skin friction (f 0)) and the value of free temperature (theta(1)) increases for the case (mathit {Gr}=5), and for (mathit {Gr}=10) significant impacts in the values of (-theta'(0)), (theta(1)) and (f 0)) is seen.
The transition phenomenon between tensile stress and compressive stress in the graded beam is investigated in detail for different graded parameters or different thickness.
The influence of grading parameters on λ∗ can cause material variations of approximately 0.8 m2 K/W.
Factor analysis was used to obtain these grading parameters and the considerable number of measurements we determined guaranteed the application of this type of analysis.
In order to demonstrate sensitivity of the graded parameters on mechanical behaviors of 3D corrugated core sandwich structures, the specimens with different graded parameters were fabricated and tested under compression and bending loads.
For the computational results, the full-field distributions of generalized stresses and strains in the nonhomogeneous bimaterial subjected to line forces or edge dislocations are presented with different functionally graded parameters.
The influence of microgeometry and grading parameters on the shear stress concentration at the coating/matrix interface is addressed, aimed at the composite optimization in regards to fatigue and debonding phenomena.
