23 The more educated people in the community with higher grades of occupation tend to have a better access to health services and hence have the choice of providers.
Model 5 adjusted Model 4 + class of occupation, occupation, living in poverty, household income.
Strengths of this study include use of a large cohort, use of occupation grade as an individual's measure of SES in a stratified sample of working environment within the UK civil service independent of racial and ethnic effects, adjustments for proxies of lean body mass, and use of the recently devised CKD-EPI equation to estimate GFR.
We included in the sample those women who were classified as a 'homemaker' and not part of traditional, paid employment by assigning an occupational risk grade based on a review of occupation activity risk found in fifteen occupations with components found in homemaking (e.g., primary/nursery teachers, cleaners, launderers, care assistants).
A case-control study in Sweden involving 1,894 participants aged 18-74 years used highest occupation grade of spouses and parents as a measure of household SES and found that women in families with only unskilled workers had a 2-fold increase in odds of CKD in comparison to women in families of professionals.
These files provided data on marital status, sex, birth date, race/ethnicity, education, service branch, service component, military pay grade, military occupation, dates of deployment, and date of military separation.
Within this, the type of occupation, the position, the employment grade, the start and end of the occupational phase were collected.
A scoring system for grading rurality was developed on the basis of occupation and address.
We collapsed the 33 grade socio-professional categorisation of occupations developed by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office [ 17] into eight categories of socio-professional status capturing skill level and position of individuals on the labour market.
These variables consisted of the major reporting variables age, gender, grade, parental occupation and education, immigration status, age at which the student (if an immigrant) arrived in the country, and language spoken at home.
