Cataract (n = 1268) was defined as the presence of nuclear, cortical, or posterior subcapsular (PSC) cataract, from standardized grading of lens photographs or previous cataract surgery.
Grading of lens photographs in the BMES has been previously described [ 12].
Grading of lens opacities is performed using the Lens Opacities Classification System60 (LOCS chart III, Leo T. Chylack, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA).
Baseline assessment included demographic and medical questionnaire, clinical history from the participant and where available an informant detailing any cognitive symptoms, grading of lens opacities with the lens opacity classification system III (LOCSIII) 13 and age-related macular disease (AMD) grading based on the guidelines of the international classification and grading system.
For the evaluation of lens, original grading of Nishigori et al., 1982 [ 7] was used, stage 1 - lens is clear and indistinguishable from normal (no cataract), stage 2 - faint opaque ring between the cortical region and nuclear region, stage 3 - distinct opaque ring between both the regions, stage 4 - lens has a pin hole size of clear area in opaque nucleus and stage 5 - opaque nucleus.
Lens opacities were assessed using standard methods of lens photography and graded using the Lens Opacities Classification System (LOCS) II.
Persons with intraocular pressure above 20 mmHg, CDR >0.6, CDR asymmetry of >0.2 between the two eyes and Von Herrick's grade of <3 had gonioscopy using a gonio lens without flanges (Volk 2 Mirror Lens with no flange).
Current modes are based upon clinical grading by expert examination of retinal changes, which can be influenced by the type of lens, focus, size of the optic nerve, pigmentation, and even findings in other infants examined on that day [ 14].
Katona rarely lives out of lens range.
That α-crystallin aggregation is a contributing factor in the development of lens opacity is further supported by the recent observation in the lens nuclear region of a significant decrease in the α-crystallin index (the percentage of scatter from small particles, representing mostly unbound α-crystallin) and its association with increasing nuclear opacity grades [18].
