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Proliferation status of these cell lines was assessed and compared by calculating their "Grade Gene expression Index" (GGI) as previously described [ 8] and by assessing for significance of cell cycle related gene sets.
Assigned to Berman's English class in tenth grade, Gene (a pseudonym) sat in terror through the opening-day lecture on the hierarchy of genius.
Whatever the grade gene signature, an intermediate zone thus exists.
An association to estrogen/progesterone receptor status, Elston grade, gene expression subtype and lymph node status was analyzed within these cohorts.
Although all associated with tumor grade, gene sets in each module represented diverse biological actions; proliferation (B1 and B8), wound healing and cell cell communication (B2), inflammatory processes and the tumor microenvironment (B4) and extracellular matrix (B7).
First, total probe sets (8799) on the Affymetrix GeneChip array (RGU34A) were prestatistically filtered (see Materials and Methods) to select probe sets with a high-quality signal and an A grade gene symbol annotation (6685 genes).
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Using a quantitative proliferation index called a Grade Gene-expression Index (GGI- genomic grade) [ 8], we were able to divide ER+ BC according to their cellular proliferative activity into two prognostic groups associated with statistically distinct clinical outcome [ 6].
These genes are regulated to control graded gene expression for ligands or receptors related to the graded response of the cell to environmental signals or stimuli.
Next, we utilize this technique to produce graded gene expression and Systematically Test Enzyme Perturbation Sensitivities (STEPS) to identify rate limiting steps in metabolic pathways.
Cell cycle, proliferation and tumour grading gene sets are also found to be associated with let-7b/c, consistently with their reported role of as tumour suppressors, functioning as inhibitors of the cell cycle and regulators of apoptosis [ 31].
The observation that a large number of graded gene expression changes occurred both in nontumorous and in tumorous liver samples from adults exposed to arsenic in utero is important because it implies that complex changes initiated during gestation appear to have persisted into adulthood.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com