Payments for environmental services (PES) schemes have become an increasingly accepted and popular mode for governmental and non-governmental agencies to use in addressing local and regional declines in ecosystem services.
But more importantly for pharmacists' experience of the city as a field and workplace, these movements define their roles in terms of the modes – commercial, scientific or governmental – through which they engage with broader collectives.
Models based on the mail survey included, in addition to those described above, the following: mode of abstract presentation, governmental funding, funding by industry, number of previous publications of the principal investigator and age and sex of the investigator.
Fourth, the contract service policy has covered the whole county, and its mode of implementation fairly complies with the governmental regulation.
In regulating exposure to mixtures, an approach similar to that used by the American Conference of Governmental Hygienists is proposed: For components with the same target organ and mode of action or interfering metabolism, synergistic effects must be expected and the respective OELs must be lowered.
As this study was organised by the Kazakh Ministry of Health, the interviewers may have been perceived as governmental officials; this may have contributed, in addition to cultural norms, to a positive mode of reporting.
Because it seemed pertinent to address these new modes of economic governance, it became common to address regulation in the absence of direct governmental authority.
Another important determinant of vulnerability levels within communities is the mode of production operating, which influences rates and histories of development, capital concentration and governmental regulation over capital, and labour rights (Watts and Bohle 1993; Wisner 1978).
On the basis of a confrontation between the results from literature and from the results of empirical case study of a biogas grid in the Dutch region Noordoost Fryslân, we conclude that governmental influence can take a 'disguised' form by 'quasi' private organizations, with major normative consequences for the mode of sustainable energy governance.
An increased cycling mode share is the result of an increased willingness and demand of the citizens and of governmental and local authority investment in physical infrastructure, such as high quality network of cycle routes, convenient and safe bicycle parking facilities and strong public campaigns for cycling (including trainings, re-pair and maintaining services) [43, 44].
