In the 1990s a wide array of non-governmental certification initiatives emerged as a way to promote the sustainable management of resources in sectors such as fisheries and forestry.
To simplify the complex process for obtaining governmental clearance certifications for businesses, this project team designed a web application that stores data and produces visualizations as to the current status of applications.
We argue that further hybridisation of market-based certification and governmental regulation should be designed with the purpose of providing new transnational recourse mechanisms and remedies for affected communities.
In order to address these issues, different non-governmental organizations have developed certification schemes during the last few years.
Data were also gathered using a questionnaire distributed to a limited number of research institutions, farmers' associations, certification bodies and governmental agencies.
However, there is increasing global pressure to reduce or eliminate herbicides, driven by factors such as increasing public aversion to herbicide use in forests, forest certification requirements and governmental regulations restricting or prohibiting herbicide use (Forest Stewardship Council, 2005; Shepard et al., 2004; Thiffault and Roy 2011; Wagner et al., 1998).
What if the AI industry adopted an approach similar to clinical drug trials in which any new AI product aimed at commercial or governmental use had to undergo external certification testing prior to release?
According to the results the most important institutions are private and governmental standards for organic production and certification, strategic and financial support measures from the government, and market demand and supply.
The article analyzes the construction of trust in the international system of forest certification promoted by transnational non-governmental organizations (NGOs).
