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Although Horgan and Tienson assert that cognition cannot be understood in classical terms of the algorithm-governed manipulation of symbols, they don't abandon syntax.
In his so-called "Chinese-room argument," Searle attempted to show that there is more to thinking than this kind of rule-governed manipulation of symbols.
If you ever wondered how paradigms of abstract disembodied reasoning, mathematically rule-governed manipulations of symbols, mind-body dualisms, and computationalist worldviews got to hold sway and what is wrong and less than intelligent about that, this is the volume to consult.
The classicists (e.g., Turing 1950, Fodor 1975, 2000, 2003, 2008, Fodor and Pylyshyn 1988, Marr 1982, Newell and Simon 1976) hold that mental representations are symbolic structures, which typically have semantically evaluable constituents, and that mental processes are rule-governed manipulations of them that are sensitive to their constituent structure.
Philosophers often say that classical computation involves "rule-governed symbol manipulation" while neural network computation is non-symbolic.
Rescorla (2009a, 2009b) develops the idea in a technically more sophisticated way but the resulting picture seems to be a species of LOT architecture as the systems he entertains seem to satisfy both (B1) and (B2)—Rescorla himself admits that cognitive maps as he develops the idea "enshrine the 'classical' conception of cognition as rule-governed symbol manipulation".
Voting is the bridge between the governed and government.
Manipulation is government skill.
"The consent of the governed".
How they governed.
Well governed, Stark kids.
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